Originally written in India in Sanskrit, the text first appeared in Tibetan translation soon after its composition in the eighth century. The fact that it has been expounded, studied, and practiced in Tibet in an unbroken tradition lends the Tibetan version of this classic a particular authority. Shantideva begins with a celebration of the mind of enlightenment, explaining in detail how this is cultivated. There is chapter devoted to the transcendent perfection of patience, heroic perseverance, meditation, and wisdom.