International Boundaries of Nepal

Nepal is an independent and sovereign country since time immemorial. The boundary of Nepal is surrounded by India in the east, west, and south. On the north, there is China's Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR). Boundaries of Nepal have been shifted time and often in the historical period. In 1806, Nepal's territory was elongated from a River on the east to Kangra Fort on the west. Similarly, it was extended up to the confluence of Gandak and Ganges rivers to the south during British India. It was called the 'Greater Nepal.' In 1809, the border was retreated back to Sutlej. After Anglo- Gorkha War, Nepal's boundary was shrunk from Mechi in the east to Mahakali on the west in March 1816. In the mean time, it was extended further south in December 1816 and November 1860 to the boundary of present Nepal. However, there are conflicts, disputes, encroachments, and cross-holding occupations in seventy-one places and spots in present time with India.